- K-fold cross-validation
- K-nearest neighbors algorithm
- Kalman filtering
- Kernel density estimation
- Kernel methods
- Kernel trick
- Key-frame-based action recognition
- Key-frame-based video summarization
- Keyframe extraction
- Keyphrase extraction
- Keyword spotting
- Kinect sensor-based human activity recognition
- Kinematic modeling
- Knowledge discovery
- Knowledge engineering
- Knowledge extraction
- Knowledge graph alignment
- Knowledge graph completion
- Knowledge graph construction
- Knowledge graph embedding
- Knowledge graph reasoning
- Knowledge graph visualization
- Knowledge graphs
- Knowledge graphs for language understanding
- Knowledge representation and reasoning
- Knowledge transfer
- Knowledge-based systems
- Kullback-Leibler divergence
What is Knowledge graph embedding
Introduction to Knowledge Graph Embedding
Knowledge Graphs is a knowledge representation technique that maps real-world entities and their interrelationships. It has become an essential technology for a large number of applications, including search engines, question-answering systems, and recommendation systems. Knowledge Graphs are often represented as graphs, where nodes represent entities and edges represent the relationships between them. Embedding Knowledge Graphs is a technique that has gained increasing interest over the years as it transforms the graph into a vector space, simplifying the process of machine learning and deep learning models that operate in the same vector space. In this article, we will dive deep into knowledge graph embedding, including applications, benefits, and challenges.
What is Knowledge Graph Embedding?
Knowledge graph embedding is the process of mapping a Knowledge Graph to a continuous vector space, where each node in the graph represents a unique vector. This process involves generating latent features representations for nodes and edges of the knowledge graph, which captures the semantic meaning and the relationships between nodes and edges. In other words, knowledge graph embedding is the optimization of a function that maps the nodes' feature space to a lower-dimensional space, where each node in the graph is represented as a continuous vector.
Challenges of Knowledge Graph Embedding
The main challenge of knowledge graph embedding is designing an embedding model that accurately represents nodes' and edges' inherent properties in the Knowledge Graph. Several factors impact the effectiveness of the embedding model; these factors include but are not limited to graph size, sparsity, heterogeneity, and node attributes. Given these challenges, several knowledge graph embedding techniques have been developed to address them.
How Knowledge Graph Embedding is done?
The basic concept is to use a neural network to compress the large knowledge graph into a smaller vector space by optimizing a function. The trained neural network can then be used to project new instances into the same vector space to make predictions. The vector space is often referred to as the embedding space, while the neural network is called the model. The effectiveness of the embedding model is measured by how well it captures the meaningful relationships and properties of the underlying graph.
Applications of Knowledge Graph Embedding
Knowledge Graph Embedding has gained widespread use in various domains and applications, including but not limited to:
- Question Answering Systems: Question-answering systems operate by comparing the semantic similarity between a user's query and the knowledge graph's nodes and edges. Knowledge Graph Embeddings have been used to represent the knowledge graph in vector space to facilitate this process.
- Recommendation Engines: Recommendation engines rely on the semantic similarity between users and items to make recommendations. Knowledge Graph Embeddings have been used to represent users and items in vector space, which enables recommendation engines to recommend items to users based on the user-item similarity in the embedding space.
- Natural Language Processing: Knowledge Graph Embeddings have been used to improve the performance of natural language processing tasks, including named entity recognition, entity disambiguation and relation extraction.
- Visual Recognition: Knowledge Graph Embeddings have also been used to represent visual data, enabling better recognition of images and videos.
Advantages of Knowledge Graph Embedding
Knowledge Graph Embedding provides several benefits, including but not limited to:
- Improved Accuracy: The use of knowledge graph embeddings can improve the accuracy of various tasks such as question-answering, recommendation systems, and natural language processing by capturing the underlying relationships between entities and their attributes.
- Reduced Dimensionality: Embedding the knowledge graph into a vector space reduces the dimensionality of the data, which simplifies the machine learning and deep learning models' training and inference tasks by reducing the computation complexity, data storage requirements, and training time.
- Scalability: Embedding graphs into a vector space is effective in reducing graph size and sparsity, enabling faster computation of models on large scale graphs. Additionally, embedding techniques support incremental updates of the embeddings, making them scalable to dynamic graphs.
Types of Knowledge Graph Embedding Techniques
Several Knowledge Graph Embedding Techniques have been developed over the years to address the challenges of embedding knowledge graphs, each with its distinct features and advantages. Some of the popular Knowledge Graph Embedding Techniques include:
- TransE: A knowledge graph embedding technique that considers the semantictranslation between entities in the knowledge graph.
- Node2Vec: A node embedding technique that uses a random-walk approach to capture the relationship between nodes in the knowledge graph.
- DeepWalk: A node embedding technique that uses a random-walk approach and a simple neural network to learn the node embeddings.
- ComplEx: A technique based on tensor factorization, which offers better performance in predicting new relationships between entities.
Conclusion
The adoption of Knowledge Graph Embedding is revolutionizing various application domains such as recommendation systems, search engines, and natural language processing. Embedding knowledge graphs into a continuous vector space provides a great opportunity to improve the performance of machine learning and deep learning models operating on such data. Despite the challenges involved in the process, several embedding techniques have been developed to address them. The selection of the embedding technique employed for a given application depends on the nature of the knowledge graph data and the task being performed. However, as the use of knowledge graphs continues to evolve and expand, it is clear that embedding techniques will keep gaining widespread use and interest.